Patient Education

Dental care and treatment can improve your smile and boost self-confidence. Our highly experienced, board-certified dental professionals and compassionate staff make keeping healthy and attractive teeth a reality. We take the time to help our patients understand the different treatment options available and encourage them to be closely involved in the treatment planning phase. We empower our patients with dental education. Please see below for some of the treatments offered at Healthy Smiles Family Dental.
 

Dentistry FAQs & Education

Why should a missing tooth be replaced?

The healthiest thing to do when a tooth is missing is to have it replaced. Otherwise, there is a risk of problems that may include:

• Difficulty biting and chewing
• Difficulty speaking
• Headaches
• Muscle pain
• Unattractive appearance

What are dental implants?

Dental implants serve as the base for many tooth-replacement options, including bridges, dentures and individual artificial teeth. Implants are surgically implanted in the jaw to provide a comfortable, secure fit. ...

Cosmetic Gum Surgery

As cosmetic surgery has become more mainstream, patients are seeking surgical options that will help them achieve their physical and aesthetic goals. Dentistry is no exception to this trend. Many people who are unhappy with their gums and the way their gums affect their smile, may choose to have cosmetic gum surgery to improve their appearance. ...

Crown Lengthening

Crown lengthening, also known as crown exposure, is a surgical procedure performed when there is not enough exposed tooth structure to place a restoration on the tooth. This procedure removes gum tissue and/or bone to expose more of the tooth, allowing a crown or filling to be put in place. Crown lengthening is often performed after a tooth breaks off at the gum or a crown or filling is removed and the tooth underneath is significantly decayed. A decent amount of healthy tooth structure is needed in order to properly perform a restoration. ...

Dental Bonding

Dental bonding is a special procedure used to restore, reshape and rejuvenate teeth, improving both their function and appearance. Dentists apply a thin layer of tooth-colored plastic to the front of the tooth and sculpt it to perfect the patient's appearance. Dental bonding is used to repair chipped, cracked, broken, misshapen teeth or stained teeth or to fill in the spaces between teeth. ...

Dental Bridges

Dental bridges are natural-looking tooth replacements that help maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Dental bridges replace missing teeth with a short row of prosthetics that rely on the strength of surrounding natural teeth, called abutment teeth, to help stabilize the bite. Bridges also help keep adjacent teeth from moving into the open space left by the missing tooth. ...

Dental Crowns

A dental crown is a restoration that covers or caps a tooth, restoring it to its normal size and shape while strengthening and improving its appearance. Crowns are a very reliable solution for major dental problems that have resulted in a severely damaged or missing tooth. Crowns provide a strong, sturdy, aesthetically pleasing replacement that can tolerate the same pressures as a regular tooth, letting patients enjoy the convenience of eating, speaking and smiling without any difficulties. Crowns are necessary when the tooth is broken down to the point where a filling will not be effective. ...

Dental Implants

Dental implants are an option to replace missing teeth and provide a fixed solution to removable dentures. Dental implants are natural-looking replacement teeth that are fixed in the jaw. Implant treatment provides an option to correct the most troublesome cases associated with missing teeth and ill-fitting dentures. ...

Dental Implants FAQs

What are dental implants?

Dental implants are titanium anchors implanted into the jawbone that hold replacement teeth in place. The root of the implant sits in the jawbone beneath the gum line and the visible tooth, or crown, is attached to the root. Implants look and feel much like natural teeth. They support individual artificial teeth, bridges, and dentures. ...

Dental Trauma

Dental trauma involves any kind of injury to the face, teeth, gums or jaw line. Patients may experience trauma as a result of a sports injury, motor vehicle accident, or other type of incident. Dental trauma can also occur from eating foods that are too hard or drinking liquids that are too hot. These injuries can range from facial cuts and lacerations to more serious problems such as broken teeth and fractures. Trauma is most common among children, and the most common type of injury is a fracture of the tooth crown. ...

Dentures

Custom dentures can effectively replace missing or damaged teeth throughout the mouth, restoring a patient's ability to smile, speak and eat without difficulty or worry. Unlike dentures produced in the past, which were often uncomfortable or prone to slippage, custom dentures are specifically crafted with the individual patient's needs in mind. ...

Full Mouth Restoration

Full mouth restoration involves reconstructing all of the teeth in both the upper and lower jaws through the use of restorative materials like crowns, bridges, veneers and dentures. Full mouth reconstruction can be a necessary treatment performed to preserve the patient's oral health. This treatment may be performed on patients who have missing or severely damaged teeth caused by decay, injury, acid erosion, tooth grinding or malocclusion. ...

Implant Bridges

Dental bridges are natural looking tooth replacements that help maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Bridges are used to replace one or more missing teeth and rely on surrounding healthy teeth for support. This causes damage to healthy teeth and may lead to future tooth loss. ...

Implant Crowns

Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth with strong, durable materials that enhance the smile. Implants are a permanent solution to replace missing teeth and can be used in conjunction with other procedures, such as crowns, to restore a healthy smile.

Dental implant crowns often look and feel like natural teeth and are fused to the bone to provide stability. They may be indistinguishable from natural teeth. The use of porcelain crowns creates a smooth, metal-free appearance that fits in seamlessly with the other teeth. ...

Implant Overdentures

Implant overdentures are dentures that are anchored directly to the jaw bone. Implants are posts that are surgically placed in the upper or lower jaw, where they function as a strong anchor for replacement teeth or dentures. Implants are usually made out of titanium. Implant overdentures are an option that makes dentures more secure, and are not as costly as replacing each individual tooth with a single implant. ...

Implant Supported Dentures

Implant-supported dentures are dentures that are anchored directly to the jaw bone. Implants are posts that are surgically placed in the upper or lower jaw, where they function as a strong anchor for replacement teeth or dentures. Implants are usually made out of titanium. Implant-supported dentures are an option that makes dentures more secure, and are not as costly as replacing each individual tooth with a single implant. ...

Inlays and Onlays

Inlays and onlays can often be used in place of traditional dental fillings to treat tooth decay or similar structural damage. Similar to a filling but designed to strengthen a tooth, an inlay or onlay can be made of porcelain, gold or composite resin. The material is bonded to the damaged area of the tooth. An inlay is typically adhered inside the cusp tips of the tooth, whereas an onlay is used for more substantial reconstructions. An onlay is designed to extend beyond one or more of the cusps of the tooth. ...

Invisalign® Orthodontic Treatment

For people who are dissatisfied with their smiles but have not done anything about them because they are not interested in a mouthful of metal, Invisalign® "braces" may be a good option. They eliminate both the discomfort of metal wires and the inconvenience of adjustments. The Invisalign system uses virtually invisible aligners that straighten teeth without metal bands, brackets or wires. The custom-made trays are comfortable, and easy to remove for eating, brushing, flossing and special occasions. The clear-plastic Invisalign aligners are so inconspicuous that it is difficult to tell when someone is wearing them. ...

Laser Gum Treatment

Laser gum treatment is a noninvasive, painless procedure that uses advanced laser technology to treat a wide range of gum conditions. More commonly used than they once were to treat certain types of gum problems, lasers allow many procedures to be performed with great precision, few complications and little pain. ...

Porcelain Crowns

A dental crown (cap) is a restoration that covers a tooth, restoring it to its normal size and shape, while strengthening and improving its appearance. A crown is necessary when a tooth is broken to the point where a filling will not be effective. A dental crown can be used for various reasons, including covering discolored or misshapen teeth, or restoring a broken tooth. It may also be used in conjunction with bridges and dental implants. A porcelain crown is made entirely of porcelain. ...

Porcelain Veneers

Porcelain veneers are very thin, tooth-colored shells of ceramic that are custom-fit and bonded to the front of the teeth. They can create an attractively white and even smile. Veneers can address a variety of issues, including chipped, yellow, stained, misshapen or crooked teeth, or teeth with spaces between them. A veneer placed on top of a tooth can quickly and easily improve the look of a smile. ...

Sedation Dentistry

Many people experience anxiety about undergoing dental work or visiting the dentist at all, a fear known as dental phobia. It can keep them from seeking dental care, and may compromise their dental health. Dental phobia can be helped by sedation dentistry.

Sedation dentistry involves the use of medication to provide a relaxing and anxiety-free experience for people undergoing dental treatment. Although sometimes referred to as "sleep dentistry," most patients remain awake but feel sleepy. There are several different methods available to achieve varying degrees of sedation. Which method is used depends on the type of procedure and the preference of the patient. ...

Sinus Lift

A sinus lift is a surgical procedure that raises the membrane on the floor of the sinus to create a space that can be filled with enough bone to support rear-upper-jaw dental implants. The bone is added between the jaw and the maxillary sinuses, which are located on both sides of the nose. Sinus lifts are performed on patients who need dental implants, but do not have enough bone to support them. ...

Cavities

Cavities are small holes in the teeth that form as a result of decay. During the decay process, the outer layers of the teeth, known as enamel and dentin, are worn away, leaving eroded areas called cavities. Cavities are caused by a buildup of bacteria, food particles and saliva which combine to form dental plaque, a film that coats the teeth. Since plaque is acidic, it can attack the tooth causing decay and resulting in cavities. ...

Comprehensive Dental Examination

It is important to protect and maintain the teeth and gums, not only by daily brushing and flossing, but through regular professional care. Periodic dental examinations are the best protection against dental disorders, such as tooth loss and gum disease. A comprehensive dental examination includes a number of evaluative procedures, as well as a thorough dental cleaning and is an essential element of preventive health care. ...

Dental Abscess

A dental abscess is an infection in a tooth or the surrounding gums. When cavities and gum-related issues are left untreated, teeth can decay and bacteria can spread to surrounding areas of the mouth and jaw, causing deeper infection. Dental abscesses can have serious medical ramifications, so it is important that they be treated promptly. ...

Dental Fillings

Dental tooth fillings are a restorative treatment, used to improve the appearance and functionality of teeth affected by damage or decay. The restorations most frequently made in children are fillings after a cavity has been discovered in either a primary or permanent tooth. The filling materials, which can be made from several different substances, help to even out tooth surfaces for more efficient biting and chewing. Dental fillings can last for many years and help keep the tooth looking and functioning at its best. ...

Dental Sealants

Dental sealants, thin plastic coatings generally applied to the occlusal (chewing) surfaces of the teeth are a very effective method of cavity prevention. The sealant acts as a barrier between the tooth and food, bacteria and plaque, all of which can lead to decay. Sealants are especially effective in preventing bacterial formation in the grooves of molar and premolar surfaces, areas that are especially susceptible to decay. ...

Dental Specialties

General dentistry involves the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a wide range of dental conditions, as well as the maintenance of overall oral health, in people of all ages. Although there are several different dental specialties, general dentistry encompasses the basics of all of them. ...

Dental X-rays

Dental X-rays are a vital part of a dental examination. There are two main types of dental X-rays: those taken with the X-ray film inside the mouth (intraoral) and those taken with the X-ray film outside the mouth (extraoral). Intraoral X-rays are the ones most commonly used. They provide detailed evidence of the growth of developing teeth, the health of tooth roots and surrounding bone, including the jaw. They also help the dentist zero in on any cavities. Extraoral X-rays, while they also show the teeth, primarily focus on the jaw and skull. They are therefore more helpful in diagnosing malocclusions, impacted teeth, and possible temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). ...

Digital Imaging

Digital imaging, or digital radiography, is a valuable diagnostic tool frequently used in dentistry, as well as other disciplines. It is an innovative technique that uses a computer to efficiently manipulate and store X-ray images. Using this technology provides immediate results, readily available for sharing and discussion with patients and with other medical or dental professionals. ...

Fluoride Treatment

Fluoride is a natural substance that helps strengthen teeth and prevent decay in patients of all ages. Naturally, it is found in water sources and certain foods such as meat, fish and eggs. As a supplement it is available in toothpastes, vitamins, rinses and professional treatments from dentists. Sufficient fluoride treatment is most important for children, to ensure extra protection from cavities against their developing teeth. ...

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation of gums that is caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria between the teeth and gums. Plaque that remains on the teeth, turns into a hard deposit called tartar that becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gums causing redness, swelling, pain and sometimes even bleeding. Gingivitis is a common periodontal condition that can be effectively managed, however, left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontal disease and possible tooth loss. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental examinations are essential in the prevention and early detection of gum disease. ...

Impacted Tooth

An impacted tooth is a tooth that has not broken through the gums. This condition is most commonly associated with wisdom teeth. Wisdom teeth may remain in the gums causing no symptoms or side effects, however, in many cases, an impacted tooth can cause swelling and pain. ...

Oral Hygiene

Proper oral hygiene is essential for healthy teeth and gums. Just as toothbrushing is necessary to prevent bacteria from attacking the teeth and causing cavities, tending the gums is necessary to prevent bacteria from attacking the gums and invading deeper tissues, causing periodontal disease. Most cases of periodontal disease develop because bacterial plaque builds up on the teeth; when the plaque hardens, it causes tartar to form, which can destroy the tissues and bone that support the teeth. Although seeing a dentist for a professional cleaning is a prerequisite for maintaining mouth health, personal oral hygiene is also crucial. ...

Orthodontics

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with correcting abnormalities of the teeth and jaw. Treatment is designed to help patients both cosmetically and functionally. Orthodontics can straighten crooked or protruding teeth, correct spacing and bite problems, and align lips and teeth properly. Braces can assist in correcting all types of misalignments (malocclusions). ...

Pediatric Dentistry

Pediatric dentistry is an area of dentistry that specializes in treating the oral healthcare needs of children. Pediatric dentists provide regular checkups, cleanings and fluoride treatments, and overall oral treatment and care for children's teeth. Pediatric dentists also commonly apply sealants to children's teeth to prevent cavities. ...

Periodontal Disease

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. A leading cause of tooth loss, it is most often caused by a buildup of plaque on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that can be brushed and flossed away with proper oral care. However, when left on the teeth, plaque produces toxins that attack below the gum line and in the crevices between the teeth and gums, causing the bond between teeth and gums to break down. ...

Root Canal

A root canal is the most commonly performed endodontic procedure. It involves treating problems within the tooth's soft core, also known as the dental pulp. The dental pulp is the soft tissue found inside the tooth; it extends from the top of the tooth all the way down to the end of the root. It contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue that provide nutrients to the tooth as it grows. ...

Tooth Extraction

A tooth extraction, also known as exodontia, is one of the most common dental procedures and may be performed by the patient's regular dentist or an oral surgeon, depending on the circumstances. Tooth extractions, during which the tooth is removed from its socket in the bone, may be necessary because of disease, trauma or overcrowding of teeth. ...

Cosmetic Dentistry FAQs

Why should a missing tooth be replaced?

The healthiest thing to do when a tooth is missing is to have it replaced. Otherwise, there is a risk of problems that may include:

• Difficulty biting and chewing
• Difficulty speaking
• Headaches
• Muscle pain
• Unattractive appearance

What are dental implants?

Dental implants serve as the base for many tooth-replacement options, including bridges, dentures and individual artificial teeth. Implants are surgically implanted in the jaw to provide a comfortable, secure fit. ...

Cosmetic Gum Surgery

As cosmetic surgery has become more mainstream, patients are seeking surgical options that will help them achieve their physical and aesthetic goals. Dentistry is no exception to this trend. Many people who are unhappy with their gums and the way their gums affect their smile, may choose to have cosmetic gum surgery to improve their appearance. ...

Crown Lengthening

Crown lengthening, also known as crown exposure, is a surgical procedure performed when there is not enough exposed tooth structure to place a restoration on the tooth. This procedure removes gum tissue and/or bone to expose more of the tooth, allowing a crown or filling to be put in place. Crown lengthening is often performed after a tooth breaks off at the gum or a crown or filling is removed and the tooth underneath is significantly decayed. A decent amount of healthy tooth structure is needed in order to properly perform a restoration. ...

Dental Bonding

Dental bonding is a special procedure used to restore, reshape and rejuvenate teeth, improving both their function and appearance. Dentists apply a thin layer of tooth-colored plastic to the front of the tooth and sculpt it to perfect the patient's appearance. Dental bonding is used to repair chipped, cracked, broken, misshapen teeth or stained teeth or to fill in the spaces between teeth. ...

Dental Bridges

Dental bridges are natural-looking tooth replacements that help maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Dental bridges replace missing teeth with a short row of prosthetics that rely on the strength of surrounding natural teeth, called abutment teeth, to help stabilize the bite. Bridges also help keep adjacent teeth from moving into the open space left by the missing tooth. ...

Dental Crowns

A dental crown is a restoration that covers or caps a tooth, restoring it to its normal size and shape while strengthening and improving its appearance. Crowns are a very reliable solution for major dental problems that have resulted in a severely damaged or missing tooth. Crowns provide a strong, sturdy, aesthetically pleasing replacement that can tolerate the same pressures as a regular tooth, letting patients enjoy the convenience of eating, speaking and smiling without any difficulties. Crowns are necessary when the tooth is broken down to the point where a filling will not be effective. ...

Dental Implants

Dental implants are an option to replace missing teeth and provide a fixed solution to removable dentures. Dental implants are natural-looking replacement teeth that are fixed in the jaw. Implant treatment provides an option to correct the most troublesome cases associated with missing teeth and ill-fitting dentures. ...

Dental Implants FAQs

What are dental implants?

Dental implants are titanium anchors implanted into the jawbone that hold replacement teeth in place. The root of the implant sits in the jawbone beneath the gum line and the visible tooth, or crown, is attached to the root. Implants look and feel much like natural teeth. They support individual artificial teeth, bridges, and dentures. ...

Dental Trauma

Dental trauma involves any kind of injury to the face, teeth, gums or jaw line. Patients may experience trauma as a result of a sports injury, motor vehicle accident, or other type of incident. Dental trauma can also occur from eating foods that are too hard or drinking liquids that are too hot. These injuries can range from facial cuts and lacerations to more serious problems such as broken teeth and fractures. Trauma is most common among children, and the most common type of injury is a fracture of the tooth crown. ...

Dentures

Custom dentures can effectively replace missing or damaged teeth throughout the mouth, restoring a patient's ability to smile, speak and eat without difficulty or worry. Unlike dentures produced in the past, which were often uncomfortable or prone to slippage, custom dentures are specifically crafted with the individual patient's needs in mind. ...

Full Mouth Restoration

Full mouth restoration involves reconstructing all of the teeth in both the upper and lower jaws through the use of restorative materials like crowns, bridges, veneers and dentures. Full mouth reconstruction can be a necessary treatment performed to preserve the patient's oral health. This treatment may be performed on patients who have missing or severely damaged teeth caused by decay, injury, acid erosion, tooth grinding or malocclusion. ...

Implant Bridges

Dental bridges are natural looking tooth replacements that help maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Bridges are used to replace one or more missing teeth and rely on surrounding healthy teeth for support. This causes damage to healthy teeth and may lead to future tooth loss. ...

Implant Crowns

Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth with strong, durable materials that enhance the smile. Implants are a permanent solution to replace missing teeth and can be used in conjunction with other procedures, such as crowns, to restore a healthy smile.

Dental implant crowns often look and feel like natural teeth and are fused to the bone to provide stability. They may be indistinguishable from natural teeth. The use of porcelain crowns creates a smooth, metal-free appearance that fits in seamlessly with the other teeth. ...

Implant Overdentures

Implant overdentures are dentures that are anchored directly to the jaw bone. Implants are posts that are surgically placed in the upper or lower jaw, where they function as a strong anchor for replacement teeth or dentures. Implants are usually made out of titanium. Implant overdentures are an option that makes dentures more secure, and are not as costly as replacing each individual tooth with a single implant. ...

Implant Supported Dentures

Implant-supported dentures are dentures that are anchored directly to the jaw bone. Implants are posts that are surgically placed in the upper or lower jaw, where they function as a strong anchor for replacement teeth or dentures. Implants are usually made out of titanium. Implant-supported dentures are an option that makes dentures more secure, and are not as costly as replacing each individual tooth with a single implant. ...

In-Office Tooth Whitening

In-office tooth whitening is a whitening procedure performed in the dentist's office. It is designed to make the patient's teeth up to five to seven shades brighter. Teeth discolor for a number of reasons; they may become stained or darkened by food, tobacco, injury or aging. Various methods of bleaching are available to alter the shade of the patient's teeth to the preferred degree of whiteness, one appropriate to the patient's age and coloring. ...

Inlays and Onlays

Inlays and onlays can often be used in place of traditional dental fillings to treat tooth decay or similar structural damage. Similar to a filling but designed to strengthen a tooth, an inlay or onlay can be made of porcelain, gold or composite resin. The material is bonded to the damaged area of the tooth. An inlay is typically adhered inside the cusp tips of the tooth, whereas an onlay is used for more substantial reconstructions. An onlay is designed to extend beyond one or more of the cusps of the tooth. ...

Invisalign® Orthodontic Treatment

For people who are dissatisfied with their smiles but have not done anything about them because they are not interested in a mouthful of metal, Invisalign® "braces" may be a good option. They eliminate both the discomfort of metal wires and the inconvenience of adjustments. The Invisalign system uses virtually invisible aligners that straighten teeth without metal bands, brackets or wires. The custom-made trays are comfortable, and easy to remove for eating, brushing, flossing and special occasions. The clear-plastic Invisalign aligners are so inconspicuous that it is difficult to tell when someone is wearing them. ...

Porcelain Crowns

A dental crown (cap) is a restoration that covers a tooth, restoring it to its normal size and shape, while strengthening and improving its appearance. A crown is necessary when a tooth is broken to the point where a filling will not be effective. A dental crown can be used for various reasons, including covering discolored or misshapen teeth, or restoring a broken tooth. It may also be used in conjunction with bridges and dental implants. A porcelain crown is made entirely of porcelain. ...

Porcelain Veneers

Porcelain veneers are very thin, tooth-colored shells of ceramic that are custom-fit and bonded to the front of the teeth. They can create an attractively white and even smile. Veneers can address a variety of issues, including chipped, yellow, stained, misshapen or crooked teeth, or teeth with spaces between them. A veneer placed on top of a tooth can quickly and easily improve the look of a smile. ...

Sedation Dentistry

Many people experience anxiety about undergoing dental work or visiting the dentist at all, a fear known as dental phobia. It can keep them from seeking dental care, and may compromise their dental health. Dental phobia can be helped by sedation dentistry.

Sedation dentistry involves the use of medication to provide a relaxing and anxiety-free experience for people undergoing dental treatment. Although sometimes referred to as "sleep dentistry," most patients remain awake but feel sleepy. There are several different methods available to achieve varying degrees of sedation. Which method is used depends on the type of procedure and the preference of the patient. ...

Sinus Lift

A sinus lift is a surgical procedure that raises the membrane on the floor of the sinus to create a space that can be filled with enough bone to support rear-upper-jaw dental implants. The bone is added between the jaw and the maxillary sinuses, which are located on both sides of the nose. Sinus lifts are performed on patients who need dental implants, but do not have enough bone to support them. ...

Cavities

Cavities are small holes in the teeth that form as a result of decay. During the decay process, the outer layers of the teeth, known as enamel and dentin, are worn away, leaving eroded areas called cavities. Cavities are caused by a buildup of bacteria, food particles and saliva which combine to form dental plaque, a film that coats the teeth. Since plaque is acidic, it can attack the tooth causing decay and resulting in cavities. ...

Comprehensive Dental Examination

It is important to protect and maintain the teeth and gums, not only by daily brushing and flossing, but through regular professional care. Periodic dental examinations are the best protection against dental disorders, such as tooth loss and gum disease. A comprehensive dental examination includes a number of evaluative procedures, as well as a thorough dental cleaning and is an essential element of preventive health care. ...

Dental Abscess

A dental abscess is an infection in a tooth or the surrounding gums. When cavities and gum-related issues are left untreated, teeth can decay and bacteria can spread to surrounding areas of the mouth and jaw, causing deeper infection. Dental abscesses can have serious medical ramifications, so it is important that they be treated promptly. ...

Dental Fillings

Dental tooth fillings are a restorative treatment, used to improve the appearance and functionality of teeth affected by damage or decay. The restorations most frequently made in children are fillings after a cavity has been discovered in either a primary or permanent tooth. The filling materials, which can be made from several different substances, help to even out tooth surfaces for more efficient biting and chewing. Dental fillings can last for many years and help keep the tooth looking and functioning at its best. ...

Dental Sealants

Dental sealants, thin plastic coatings generally applied to the occlusal (chewing) surfaces of the teeth are a very effective method of cavity prevention. The sealant acts as a barrier between the tooth and food, bacteria and plaque, all of which can lead to decay. Sealants are especially effective in preventing bacterial formation in the grooves of molar and premolar surfaces, areas that are especially susceptible to decay. ...

Dental Specialties

General dentistry involves the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a wide range of dental conditions, as well as the maintenance of overall oral health, in people of all ages. Although there are several different dental specialties, general dentistry encompasses the basics of all of them. ...

Dental X-rays

Dental X-rays are a vital part of a dental examination. There are two main types of dental X-rays: those taken with the X-ray film inside the mouth (intraoral) and those taken with the X-ray film outside the mouth (extraoral). Intraoral X-rays are the ones most commonly used. They provide detailed evidence of the growth of developing teeth, the health of tooth roots and surrounding bone, including the jaw. They also help the dentist zero in on any cavities. Extraoral X-rays, while they also show the teeth, primarily focus on the jaw and skull. They are therefore more helpful in diagnosing malocclusions, impacted teeth, and possible temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). ...

Digital Imaging

Digital imaging, or digital radiography, is a valuable diagnostic tool frequently used in dentistry, as well as other disciplines. It is an innovative technique that uses a computer to efficiently manipulate and store X-ray images. Using this technology provides immediate results, readily available for sharing and discussion with patients and with other medical or dental professionals. ...

Fluoride Treatment

Fluoride is a natural substance that helps strengthen teeth and prevent decay in patients of all ages. Naturally, it is found in water sources and certain foods such as meat, fish and eggs. As a supplement it is available in toothpastes, vitamins, rinses and professional treatments from dentists. Sufficient fluoride treatment is most important for children, to ensure extra protection from cavities against their developing teeth. ...

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation of gums that is caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria between the teeth and gums. Plaque that remains on the teeth, turns into a hard deposit called tartar that becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gums causing redness, swelling, pain and sometimes even bleeding. Gingivitis is a common periodontal condition that can be effectively managed, however, left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontal disease and possible tooth loss. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental examinations are essential in the prevention and early detection of gum disease. ...

Impacted Tooth

An impacted tooth is a tooth that has not broken through the gums. This condition is most commonly associated with wisdom teeth. Wisdom teeth may remain in the gums causing no symptoms or side effects, however, in many cases, an impacted tooth can cause swelling and pain.

An impacted tooth may occur because of an overcrowded jaw or because the tooth is coming in at an odd angle and there is no room for the tooth to descend into the mouth. ...

Oral Hygiene

Proper oral hygiene is essential for healthy teeth and gums. Just as toothbrushing is necessary to prevent bacteria from attacking the teeth and causing cavities, tending the gums is necessary to prevent bacteria from attacking the gums and invading deeper tissues, causing periodontal disease. Most cases of periodontal disease develop because bacterial plaque builds up on the teeth; when the plaque hardens, it causes tartar to form, which can destroy the tissues and bone that support the teeth. Although seeing a dentist for a professional cleaning is a prerequisite for maintaining mouth health, personal oral hygiene is also crucial. ...

Orthodontics

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with correcting abnormalities of the teeth and jaw. Treatment is designed to help patients both cosmetically and functionally. Orthodontics can straighten crooked or protruding teeth, correct spacing and bite problems, and align lips and teeth properly. Braces can assist in correcting all types of misalignments (malocclusions). ...

Pediatric Dentistry

Pediatric dentistry is an area of dentistry that specializes in treating the oral healthcare needs of children. Pediatric dentists provide regular checkups, cleanings and fluoride treatments, and overall oral treatment and care for children's teeth. Pediatric dentists also commonly apply sealants to children's teeth to prevent cavities. ...

Periodontal Disease

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. A leading cause of tooth loss, it is most often caused by a buildup of plaque on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that can be brushed and flossed away with proper oral care. However, when left on the teeth, plaque produces toxins that attack below the gum line and in the crevices between the teeth and gums, causing the bond between teeth and gums to break down. ...

Root Canal

A root canal is the most commonly performed endodontic procedure. It involves treating problems within the tooth's soft core, also known as the dental pulp. The dental pulp is the soft tissue found inside the tooth; it extends from the top of the tooth all the way down to the end of the root. It contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue that provide nutrients to the tooth as it grows. ...

Tooth Extraction

A tooth extraction, also known as exodontia, is one of the most common dental procedures and may be performed by the patient's regular dentist or an oral surgeon, depending on the circumstances. Tooth extractions, during which the tooth is removed from its socket in the bone, may be necessary because of disease, trauma or overcrowding of teeth. ...

Bad Oral Habits

Undesirable oral habits are quite common among babies and young children. They are also prevalent among adults. Because such habits can do damage to the teeth or jaws that is unsightly, expensive to repair, or even dangerous, it is important to address such behaviors as early as possible. Sometimes, simple measures can discourage such problematic actions, but sometimes intervention, either in terms of behavior modification or the use of a preventive dental appliances, may be necessary. ...

Cleft Lip and Palate

A cleft lip and a cleft palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and roof of the mouth. They appear as either an opening in the upper lip, or an opening in the roof of the mouth. More than 6,000 infants born in the United States each year are affected.

A cleft can appear in the lip or the palate alone, or in both, and on one or both sides of the mouth. Children with clefts are at higher risk for ear infections and dental problems. A cleft lip and/or palate can cause feeding, speech, ear and dental problems. ...

Congenitally Missing Teeth

While many people lose teeth as a result of an injury or dental condition, some patients never develop certain teeth as a result of a congenital defect. Congenitally missing teeth can be classified into two different disorders: hypodontia (developmentally missing teeth) or oligodontia (congenital lack of more than six teeth). These conditions often occur concurrently with other conditions such as a cleft lip or palate, and certain skin, hair and nail defects. Patients with hypodontia and oligodontia are most often missing the wisdom teeth, second premolars and permanent upper second incisors. ...

Crowding or Spacing of the Teeth

Crowding or spacing of the teeth can result from an anatomical abnormality in jaw structure, or from a size disparity between the upper and lower jaw during growth. Crowding or spacing may also be caused by traumatic injury to the jaw. Inconsistency between the length or width of the jaw can result in an imbalance of the facial bones, muscles and teeth. An orthodontist can reposition the jaw so that, as growth continues, the bones and teeth align correctly. If the disparities are not addressed during childhood, they can result in major jaw issues that require orthognathic (jaw) surgery. ...

Dental Visits During Orthodontic Treatment

In addition to periodic orthodontic checkups during orthodontic treatment, it is essential that patients see their regular dentists. While the orthodontist takes care of any problems that arise with braces, the regular dentist has primary responsibility for dental hygiene and oral health. ...

Malocclusion

Malocclusion is a term that refers to an abnormal alignment of the upper and lower teeth. When the teeth are abnormally aligned, dental problems, such as difficulty with biting or chewing, can occur. Malocclusion can also make the face look unnatural, cause a person to breathe through the mouth, and create problems with speech. In severe cases, untreated malocclusion can lead to extreme stress on, and eventual damage to, the affected teeth. ...

Mouth Guards

Mouth guards are devices worn over the teeth to protect them from injury. Unlike dental splints, which are orthodontic devices used to treat conditions such as teeth-grinding (bruxism), snoring and sleep apnea, mouth guards are used primarily to protect the teeth (and dental/orthodontic appliances) during athletic or recreational activities. Mouth guards should be comfortable, durable and easy to clean, and allow the wearer to breathe and speak normally. ...

Wisdom Teeth Extraction

The wisdom teeth, also known as the third molars, develop during early adulthood, most often between the ages of 15 and 25. Most mouths are too small to support these additional molars, making an extraction procedure necessary. If not removed, the wisdom teeth may cause pain, infection and swelling of the face or gum line, as well as the development of cysts and tumors. ...

Dental Braces

Braces are a common type of orthodontic device used to straighten or align teeth for patients suffering from malocclusion or other bite abnormalities. These devices apply continuous pressure to the teeth over the entire length of treatment. As the teeth gradually move to the desired, correctly aligned position, the patients' smiles become increasingly attractive. ...

Bruxism

Bruxism is a disorder, usually manifesting itself at night, in which a person grinds, gnashes or clenches her or his teeth. Occasional grinding of teeth is not harmful, but when it occurs often, teeth can be damaged and other oral complications occur. People with bruxism are more likely to suffer from other sleep-related disorders, including snoring or sleep apnea. Sleep partners may notice bruxism in one another, and dentists can often diagnose it during routine examinations based on damage to teeth or crowns. ...

Conscious Sedation

Dental anxiety is a common phobia, which may affect individuals of any age. It manifests as fear of undergoing dental treatment or even visiting the dentist for a cleaning. Many people actually avoid going to the dentist because of this fear and as a result compromise their dental health. ...

Cosmetic Dentistry

Cosmetic dentistry involves maintaining and restoring optimal appearance of the mouth and smile, as well as the health of the teeth and gums. Various procedures and products are now available to assist in this endeavor and some dentists have special training in this important field.

Tooth Whitening

Tooth whitening is effective in correcting many tooth discolorations so that the patient's teeth appear a healthy natural color. Teeth stained or darkened by food, tobacco use, aging or injury can be restored to a pleasing shade of whiteness in only a few short visits, or even in a single visit, to a cosmetic dentist. While at-home methods of tooth whitening may also be used, they work more slowly and tend to be less efficient than professional work. ...

Dental Crowns and Bridges

Dental Crowns

Dental crowns are natural-looking, tooth-shaped caps used to cover a damaged or missing tooth in order to restore a full and beautiful smile. These caps are cemented into place to provide both strong and visibly appealing replacements for natural teeth. Crowns are usually necessary when the tooth is broken down to the point where a filling will not be effective. ...

Dental Anesthesia

Many people experience anxiety about visiting the dentist and undergoing dental work. At times, this can keep them from seeking proper dental care. Patients are now offered relief from these fears through a variety of options for anesthesia and treatment of dental discomfort. ...

Dental Bone Grafts

Bone grafting is a regenerative treatment option for patients who have lost quality and quantity of supporting bone tissue as a result of periodontal disease. This procedure is often needed before dental implants can be placed. It also helps protect the teeth from bacteria, trauma and further degeneration. ...

Surgical Dental Extractions

A dental extraction, also known as exodontia, is one of the most common procedures performed at a dentist's office. The procedure involves removing or pulling a tooth. A surgical extraction may be necessary on certain teeth.

Reasons for Surgical Extractions

Dental extractions may be performed to minimize overcrowding or in preparation for braces. An extraction may also be performed to remove the following types of teeth: ...

Endodontics

An endodontist treats problems of the dental pulp, the soft tissue within the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue which helps create the surrounding hard tissue that makes up the outside of the tooth. The pulp extends from the crown of the tooth to the tips of the roots and into the surrounding tissue. Dental pulp is vital to the growth and development of healthy teeth, but is not necessarily needed once the tooth has fully matured. ...

Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is caused by a build-up of plaque and bacteria between the teeth and gums. When left untreated, the gums become infected and if gum disease progresses, it becomes increasingly difficult and painful to treat. Progressed cases of gum disease can also lead to tooth loss. ...

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous oxide is a type of anesthesia available for patients who are anxious about undergoing dental treatment. Also known as laughing gas, nitrous oxide helps patients to relax, yet remain awake during treatment. Nitrous oxide is often used on children who are mildly or moderately anxious about dental visits. ...

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is the treatment of problems affecting the mouth, teeth, gums, jaws and related facial structures. Procedures are often performed on patients with skeletal and dental irregularities that occur as a result of congenital defects, injury, disease or other factors. Maxillofacial surgery is also performed to treat patients with oral cancer and jaw cysts. ...

Oral Biopsies

When a growth or sore of questionable nature is detected in the mouth, a biopsy is often required. A biopsy is a diagnostic test involving the removal of a tissue sample for examination under a microscope to ascertain whether a malignancy or other disease process is present.

Reasons for Oral Biopsies

There are some oral lesions which can be precisely diagnosed through physical examination and patient history. When there is a question concerning the origin of an abnormal lesion, however, an oral biopsy may be required. ...

Oral Pathology

Oral pathology is a specialty of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, including oral cancer. Oral pathologists are involved in the research, diagnosis, examination and treatment of oral disease.

Role of the Oral Pathologist

Oral pathologists check for and diagnose both malignant and benign oral conditions. Oral pathologists deal with conditions that include: ...

Partial Dentures

Partial dentures are prosthetic devices used to replace one or more missing or diseased teeth; restore the appearance and function of the teeth; or reduce the risk of gum disease. This type of replacement is often used when one or more healthy natural teeth remain in the area to support the denture. Patients are able to eat, speak and smile without difficulty once partial dentures are in place. ...

Preventive Dentistry

Preventive dentistry helps avoid the costly and invasive procedures often needed to treat serious dental conditions. Maintaining dental health helps people look and feel their best, and can have a positive effect on their overall health. Preventing dental problems requires a lifelong commitment. To begin developing proper dental-hygiene habits, a child should visit a dentist shortly after the first teeth emerge. ...

Prosthodontic Dentistry

Prosthodontic dentistry is a specialty of dentistry that focuses on restoring or replacing injured, damaged or missing teeth to maintain dental health, function and aesthetics.

Complete or partial removal of teeth may be necessary when they have sustained significant damage, which may have been caused by: ...

Removable Dental Prosthetics

Patients undergoing restorative dental procedures may require prostheses, of which there are several different types. Prosthetic structures, such as dentures or bridges, can be either permanent or removable depending on the patient's preference. Although there are advantages and disadvantages to both, many patients like the convenience and flexibility of removable prostheses. ...

Dental Bridges FAQs

As people age, their teeth tend to decay and weaken at an increasing pace. Fortunately, there are options for replacing lost teeth through reconstructive or restorative dentistry.

What is a dental bridge?

Dental bridges are natural-looking tooth replacements that help to maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Dental bridges replace missing teeth with a short row of prosthetics that rely on the strength of surrounding natural teeth, called abutment teeth, to help stabilize the bite. Bridges also help keep adjacent teeth from moving into the open space left by the missing tooth. ...

Scaling and Root Planing

Scaling and root planing is a treatment usually performed during the early stages of periodontal disease to help remove plaque and tartar that has built up beneath the gum line. This procedure is considered a deep cleaning, and may be performed to prevent the disease from progressing to a more advanced stage, or to improve the quality of a patient's tissue before surgery. ...

Sleep Apnea

People with sleep apnea stop breathing while they sleep, sometimes hundreds of times per night, and sometimes for a minute or longer. With normal breathing, air passes through the nose and past the flexible structures, such as the soft palate, uvula and tongue, in the back of the throat. When awake, the muscles hold this airway open. When asleep, these muscles relax, but the airway should remain open. In those who suffer from sleep apnea, the upper airway is blocked, causing oxygen levels to drop in both the brain and the blood. ...

Teeth Whitening

Teeth whitening or bleaching products brighten teeth that have been stained or darkened by food, tobacco use, age or injury. There are a variety of in-office and take-home teeth whitening products to reduce or eliminate such stains.

In-Office Teeth Whitening

In-office teeth whitening, also called chairside bleaching, takes place during a series of appointments at a dentist's office. Advantages of in-office teeth whitening over take-home whitening include: ...

Teething

Teething is a milestone in a child's development, but a troubling time for both babies and parents. As the first teeth emerge, babies may experience pain and swelling of the gums. The first set of teeth, the central incisors, either upper or lower, usually appear between the ages of 4 and 7 months. The teething process can last until the child reaches 3 years of age. ...

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to a group of related disorders that result from problems with the jaw or jaw joint, or the facial muscles involved in jaw movement. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the small joint located in front of the ear where the skull and lower jaw meet; it enables the jaw to move and function normally, and is one of the body's most frequently used joints. Talking, yawning, chewing and swallowing all involve the TMJ. For the TMJ to function properly, the muscles, ligaments and bones involved in its movement must be working properly; any conditions that prevent them from doing so may cause TMD. ...

Dental Splints

A dental splint is an orthodontic device that is used to stabilize loose teeth, protect teeth from damage, and relieve the pain and discomfort caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In many cases, these conditions are related, because patients who grind their teeth (a condition known as bruxism) or clench their jaws often experience TMD. Splints are also sometimes used to treat patients with sleep apnea or snoring problems. Because bruxism, jaw clenching, sleep apnea and snoring typically occur at night, that is when dental splints are usually worn. ...

Tooth-Colored Fillings

In the past, dental cavities were filled with a mixture of metal alloys, also known as amalgam. Today, tooth-colored or composite fillings are a mixture of resin, glass or quartz and porcelain ceramics. These materials are resilient and long lasting. These fillings are colored to match the patient's teeth and are practically invisible to the untrained eye. For aesthetic and/or medical purposes, these tooth-colored fillings can be used to replace old and worn dental amalgam, gold or other metal fillings. ...

Veneers

Veneers are very thin, tooth-colored shells of ceramic that are custom-fit and bonded to the front of the teeth. They can create a white, even, and attractive smile. Veneers make it possible to correct a variety of problems, including:

• Spaces between the teeth
• Chipped teeth
• Yellowing or stains
• Misshapen or crooked teeth
• Small holes or pits in teeth
• Uneven or undersized teeth

A veneer placed on top of a tooth can quickly and easily help achieve a beautiful smile. Although some veneers are designed to be removable, most are permanent and are bonded very tightly to the tooth they are protecting. The advancements in technology have improved bonding agents to the point where some types of veneers may last for 20 years or more. ...

Wisdom Teeth Extraction FAQs

What are wisdom teeth?

The wisdom teeth, also known as the third molars, develop during early adulthood, most often between the ages of 15 and 25. Most mouths are too small to support these additional molars, making an extraction procedure necessary. If not removed, the wisdom teeth may cause pain, infection and swelling of the face or gum line, as well as the development of cysts and tumors. ...

Zirconium Dental Implants

A recent dental restoration technique is the use of zirconium as an implant material. This is a completely metal-free substance which offers patients a number of advantages. Cosmetically, zirconium implants are very attractive because of their white color and natural appearance. While titanium implants have a metal base that gives them an opaque look that is often dark near the gum line, zirconium features a tooth-like translucency on a base colored to match the shade of the teeth. ...

Cosmetic Dentistry FAQs

Why should a missing tooth be replaced?

The healthiest thing to do when a tooth is missing is to have it replaced. Otherwise, there is a risk of problems that may include:

• Difficulty biting and chewing
• Difficulty speaking
• Headaches
• Muscle pain
• Unattractive appearance

What are dental implants?

Dental implants serve as the base for many tooth-replacement options, including bridges, dentures and individual artificial teeth. Implants are surgically implanted in the jaw to provide a comfortable, secure fit. ...

Cosmetic Gum Surgery

As cosmetic surgery has become more mainstream, patients are seeking surgical options that will help them achieve their physical and aesthetic goals. Dentistry is no exception to this trend. Many people who are unhappy with their gums and the way their gums affect their smile, may choose to have cosmetic gum surgery to improve their appearance. ...

Crown Lengthening

Crown lengthening, also known as crown exposure, is a surgical procedure performed when there is not enough exposed tooth structure to place a restoration on the tooth. This procedure removes gum tissue and/or bone to expose more of the tooth, allowing a crown or filling to be put in place. Crown lengthening is often performed after a tooth breaks off at the gum or a crown or filling is removed and the tooth underneath is significantly decayed. A decent amount of healthy tooth structure is needed in order to properly perform a restoration. ...

Dental Bonding

Dental bonding is a special procedure used to restore, reshape and rejuvenate teeth, improving both their function and appearance. Dentists apply a thin layer of tooth-colored plastic to the front of the tooth and sculpt it to perfect the patient's appearance. Dental bonding is used to repair chipped, cracked, broken, misshapen teeth or stained teeth or to fill in the spaces between teeth. ...

Dental Bridges

Dental bridges are natural-looking tooth replacements that help maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Dental bridges replace missing teeth with a short row of prosthetics that rely on the strength of surrounding natural teeth, called abutment teeth, to help stabilize the bite. Bridges also help keep adjacent teeth from moving into the open space left by the missing tooth. ...

Dental Crowns

A dental crown is a restoration that covers or caps a tooth, restoring it to its normal size and shape while strengthening and improving its appearance. Crowns are a very reliable solution for major dental problems that have resulted in a severely damaged or missing tooth. Crowns provide a strong, sturdy, aesthetically pleasing replacement that can tolerate the same pressures as a regular tooth, letting patients enjoy the convenience of eating, speaking and smiling without any difficulties. Crowns are necessary when the tooth is broken down to the point where a filling will not be effective. ...

Dental Implants

Dental implants are an option to replace missing teeth and provide a fixed solution to removable dentures. Dental implants are natural-looking replacement teeth that are fixed in the jaw. Implant treatment provides an option to correct the most troublesome cases associated with missing teeth and ill-fitting dentures. ...

Dental Implants FAQs

What are dental implants?

Dental implants are titanium anchors implanted into the jawbone that hold replacement teeth in place. The root of the implant sits in the jawbone beneath the gum line and the visible tooth, or crown, is attached to the root. Implants look and feel much like natural teeth. They support individual artificial teeth, bridges, and dentures. ...

Dental Trauma

Dental trauma involves any kind of injury to the face, teeth, gums or jaw line. Patients may experience trauma as a result of a sports injury, motor vehicle accident, or other type of incident. Dental trauma can also occur from eating foods that are too hard or drinking liquids that are too hot. These injuries can range from facial cuts and lacerations to more serious problems such as broken teeth and fractures. Trauma is most common among children, and the most common type of injury is a fracture of the tooth crown. ...

Dentures

Custom dentures can effectively replace missing or damaged teeth throughout the mouth, restoring a patient's ability to smile, speak and eat without difficulty or worry. Unlike dentures produced in the past, which were often uncomfortable or prone to slippage, custom dentures are specifically crafted with the individual patient's needs in mind. ...

Full Mouth Restoration

Full mouth restoration involves reconstructing all of the teeth in both the upper and lower jaws through the use of restorative materials like crowns, bridges, veneers and dentures. Full mouth reconstruction can be a necessary treatment performed to preserve the patient's oral health. This treatment may be performed on patients who have missing or severely damaged teeth caused by decay, injury, acid erosion, tooth grinding or malocclusion. ...

Implant Bridges

Dental bridges are natural looking tooth replacements that help maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Bridges are used to replace one or more missing teeth and rely on surrounding healthy teeth for support. This causes damage to healthy teeth and may lead to future tooth loss. ...

Implant Crowns

Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth with strong, durable materials that enhance the smile. Implants are a permanent solution to replace missing teeth and can be used in conjunction with other procedures, such as crowns, to restore a healthy smile.

Dental implant crowns often look and feel like natural teeth and are fused to the bone to provide stability. They may be indistinguishable from natural teeth. The use of porcelain crowns creates a smooth, metal-free appearance that fits in seamlessly with the other teeth. ...

Implant Overdentures

Implant overdentures are dentures that are anchored directly to the jaw bone. Implants are posts that are surgically placed in the upper or lower jaw, where they function as a strong anchor for replacement teeth or dentures. Implants are usually made out of titanium. Implant overdentures are an option that makes dentures more secure, and are not as costly as replacing each individual tooth with a single implant. ...

Implant Supported Dentures

Implant-supported dentures are dentures that are anchored directly to the jaw bone. Implants are posts that are surgically placed in the upper or lower jaw, where they function as a strong anchor for replacement teeth or dentures. Implants are usually made out of titanium. Implant-supported dentures are an option that makes dentures more secure, and are not as costly as replacing each individual tooth with a single implant. ...

In-Office Tooth Whitening

In-office tooth whitening is a whitening procedure performed in the dentist's office. It is designed to make the patient's teeth up to five to seven shades brighter. Teeth discolor for a number of reasons; they may become stained or darkened by food, tobacco, injury or aging. Various methods of bleaching are available to alter the shade of the patient's teeth to the preferred degree of whiteness, one appropriate to the patient's age and coloring. ...

Inlays and Onlays

Inlays and onlays can often be used in place of traditional dental fillings to treat tooth decay or similar structural damage. Similar to a filling but designed to strengthen a tooth, an inlay or onlay can be made of porcelain, gold or composite resin. The material is bonded to the damaged area of the tooth. An inlay is typically adhered inside the cusp tips of the tooth, whereas an onlay is used for more substantial reconstructions. An onlay is designed to extend beyond one or more of the cusps of the tooth. ...

Invisalign® Orthodontic Treatment

For people who are dissatisfied with their smiles but have not done anything about them because they are not interested in a mouthful of metal, Invisalign® "braces" may be a good option. They eliminate both the discomfort of metal wires and the inconvenience of adjustments. The Invisalign system uses virtually invisible aligners that straighten teeth without metal bands, brackets or wires. The custom-made trays are comfortable, and easy to remove for eating, brushing, flossing and special occasions. The clear-plastic Invisalign aligners are so inconspicuous that it is difficult to tell when someone is wearing them. ...

Porcelain Crowns

A dental crown (cap) is a restoration that covers a tooth, restoring it to its normal size and shape, while strengthening and improving its appearance. A crown is necessary when a tooth is broken to the point where a filling will not be effective. A dental crown can be used for various reasons, including covering discolored or misshapen teeth, or restoring a broken tooth. It may also be used in conjunction with bridges and dental implants. A porcelain crown is made entirely of porcelain. ...

Porcelain Veneers

Porcelain veneers are very thin, tooth-colored shells of ceramic that are custom-fit and bonded to the front of the teeth. They can create an attractively white and even smile. Veneers can address a variety of issues, including chipped, yellow, stained, misshapen or crooked teeth, or teeth with spaces between them. A veneer placed on top of a tooth can quickly and easily improve the look of a smile. ...

Sedation Dentistry

Many people experience anxiety about undergoing dental work or visiting the dentist at all, a fear known as dental phobia. It can keep them from seeking dental care, and may compromise their dental health. Dental phobia can be helped by sedation dentistry.

Sedation dentistry involves the use of medication to provide a relaxing and anxiety-free experience for people undergoing dental treatment. Although sometimes referred to as "sleep dentistry," most patients remain awake but feel sleepy. There are several different methods available to achieve varying degrees of sedation. Which method is used depends on the type of procedure and the preference of the patient. ...

Sinus Lift

A sinus lift is a surgical procedure that raises the membrane on the floor of the sinus to create a space that can be filled with enough bone to support rear-upper-jaw dental implants. The bone is added between the jaw and the maxillary sinuses, which are located on both sides of the nose. Sinus lifts are performed on patients who need dental implants, but do not have enough bone to support them. ...

Cavities

Cavities are small holes in the teeth that form as a result of decay. During the decay process, the outer layers of the teeth, known as enamel and dentin, are worn away, leaving eroded areas called cavities. Cavities are caused by a buildup of bacteria, food particles and saliva which combine to form dental plaque, a film that coats the teeth. Since plaque is acidic, it can attack the tooth causing decay and resulting in cavities. ...

Comprehensive Dental Examination

It is important to protect and maintain the teeth and gums, not only by daily brushing and flossing, but through regular professional care. Periodic dental examinations are the best protection against dental disorders, such as tooth loss and gum disease. A comprehensive dental examination includes a number of evaluative procedures, as well as a thorough dental cleaning and is an essential element of preventive health care. ...

Dental Abscess

A dental abscess is an infection in a tooth or the surrounding gums. When cavities and gum-related issues are left untreated, teeth can decay and bacteria can spread to surrounding areas of the mouth and jaw, causing deeper infection. Dental abscesses can have serious medical ramifications, so it is important that they be treated promptly. ...

Dental Fillings

Dental tooth fillings are a restorative treatment, used to improve the appearance and functionality of teeth affected by damage or decay. The restorations most frequently made in children are fillings after a cavity has been discovered in either a primary or permanent tooth. The filling materials, which can be made from several different substances, help to even out tooth surfaces for more efficient biting and chewing. Dental fillings can last for many years and help keep the tooth looking and functioning at its best. ...

Dental Sealants

Dental sealants, thin plastic coatings generally applied to the occlusal (chewing) surfaces of the teeth are a very effective method of cavity prevention. The sealant acts as a barrier between the tooth and food, bacteria and plaque, all of which can lead to decay. Sealants are especially effective in preventing bacterial formation in the grooves of molar and premolar surfaces, areas that are especially susceptible to decay. ...

Dental Specialties

General dentistry involves the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a wide range of dental conditions, as well as the maintenance of overall oral health, in people of all ages. Although there are several different dental specialties, general dentistry encompasses the basics of all of them. ...

Dental X-rays

Dental X-rays are a vital part of a dental examination. There are two main types of dental X-rays: those taken with the X-ray film inside the mouth (intraoral) and those taken with the X-ray film outside the mouth (extraoral). Intraoral X-rays are the ones most commonly used. They provide detailed evidence of the growth of developing teeth, the health of tooth roots and surrounding bone, including the jaw. They also help the dentist zero in on any cavities. Extraoral X-rays, while they also show the teeth, primarily focus on the jaw and skull. They are therefore more helpful in diagnosing malocclusions, impacted teeth, and possible temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). ...

Digital Imaging

Digital imaging, or digital radiography, is a valuable diagnostic tool frequently used in dentistry, as well as other disciplines. It is an innovative technique that uses a computer to efficiently manipulate and store X-ray images. Using this technology provides immediate results, readily available for sharing and discussion with patients and with other medical or dental professionals. ...

Fluoride Treatment

Fluoride is a natural substance that helps strengthen teeth and prevent decay in patients of all ages. Naturally, it is found in water sources and certain foods such as meat, fish and eggs. As a supplement it is available in toothpastes, vitamins, rinses and professional treatments from dentists. Sufficient fluoride treatment is most important for children, to ensure extra protection from cavities against their developing teeth. ...

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation of gums that is caused by a buildup of plaque and bacteria between the teeth and gums. Plaque that remains on the teeth, turns into a hard deposit called tartar that becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gums causing redness, swelling, pain and sometimes even bleeding. Gingivitis is a common periodontal condition that can be effectively managed, however, left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontal disease and possible tooth loss. Proper oral hygiene and regular dental examinations are essential in the prevention and early detection of gum disease. ...

Impacted Tooth

An impacted tooth is a tooth that has not broken through the gums. This condition is most commonly associated with wisdom teeth. Wisdom teeth may remain in the gums causing no symptoms or side effects, however, in many cases, an impacted tooth can cause swelling and pain.

An impacted tooth may occur because of an overcrowded jaw or because the tooth is coming in at an odd angle and there is no room for the tooth to descend into the mouth. ...

Oral Hygiene

Proper oral hygiene is essential for healthy teeth and gums. Just as toothbrushing is necessary to prevent bacteria from attacking the teeth and causing cavities, tending the gums is necessary to prevent bacteria from attacking the gums and invading deeper tissues, causing periodontal disease. Most cases of periodontal disease develop because bacterial plaque builds up on the teeth; when the plaque hardens, it causes tartar to form, which can destroy the tissues and bone that support the teeth. Although seeing a dentist for a professional cleaning is a prerequisite for maintaining mouth health, personal oral hygiene is also crucial. ...

Orthodontics

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with correcting abnormalities of the teeth and jaw. Treatment is designed to help patients both cosmetically and functionally. Orthodontics can straighten crooked or protruding teeth, correct spacing and bite problems, and align lips and teeth properly. Braces can assist in correcting all types of misalignments (malocclusions). ...

Pediatric Dentistry

Pediatric dentistry is an area of dentistry that specializes in treating the oral healthcare needs of children. Pediatric dentists provide regular checkups, cleanings and fluoride treatments, and overall oral treatment and care for children's teeth. Pediatric dentists also commonly apply sealants to children's teeth to prevent cavities. ...

Periodontal Disease

Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. A leading cause of tooth loss, it is most often caused by a buildup of plaque on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that can be brushed and flossed away with proper oral care. However, when left on the teeth, plaque produces toxins that attack below the gum line and in the crevices between the teeth and gums, causing the bond between teeth and gums to break down. ...

Root Canal

A root canal is the most commonly performed endodontic procedure. It involves treating problems within the tooth's soft core, also known as the dental pulp. The dental pulp is the soft tissue found inside the tooth; it extends from the top of the tooth all the way down to the end of the root. It contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue that provide nutrients to the tooth as it grows. ...

Tooth Extraction

A tooth extraction, also known as exodontia, is one of the most common dental procedures and may be performed by the patient's regular dentist or an oral surgeon, depending on the circumstances. Tooth extractions, during which the tooth is removed from its socket in the bone, may be necessary because of disease, trauma or overcrowding of teeth. ...

Bad Oral Habits

Undesirable oral habits are quite common among babies and young children. They are also prevalent among adults. Because such habits can do damage to the teeth or jaws that is unsightly, expensive to repair, or even dangerous, it is important to address such behaviors as early as possible. Sometimes, simple measures can discourage such problematic actions, but sometimes intervention, either in terms of behavior modification or the use of a preventive dental appliances, may be necessary. ...

Cleft Lip and Palate

A cleft lip and a cleft palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and roof of the mouth. They appear as either an opening in the upper lip, or an opening in the roof of the mouth. More than 6,000 infants born in the United States each year are affected.

A cleft can appear in the lip or the palate alone, or in both, and on one or both sides of the mouth. Children with clefts are at higher risk for ear infections and dental problems. A cleft lip and/or palate can cause feeding, speech, ear and dental problems. ...

Congenitally Missing Teeth

While many people lose teeth as a result of an injury or dental condition, some patients never develop certain teeth as a result of a congenital defect. Congenitally missing teeth can be classified into two different disorders: hypodontia (developmentally missing teeth) or oligodontia (congenital lack of more than six teeth). These conditions often occur concurrently with other conditions such as a cleft lip or palate, and certain skin, hair and nail defects. Patients with hypodontia and oligodontia are most often missing the wisdom teeth, second premolars and permanent upper second incisors. ...

Crowding or Spacing of the Teeth

Crowding or spacing of the teeth can result from an anatomical abnormality in jaw structure, or from a size disparity between the upper and lower jaw during growth. Crowding or spacing may also be caused by traumatic injury to the jaw. Inconsistency between the length or width of the jaw can result in an imbalance of the facial bones, muscles and teeth. An orthodontist can reposition the jaw so that, as growth continues, the bones and teeth align correctly. If the disparities are not addressed during childhood, they can result in major jaw issues that require orthognathic (jaw) surgery. ...

Dental Visits During Orthodontic Treatment

In addition to periodic orthodontic checkups during orthodontic treatment, it is essential that patients see their regular dentists. While the orthodontist takes care of any problems that arise with braces, the regular dentist has primary responsibility for dental hygiene and oral health. ...

Malocclusion

Malocclusion is a term that refers to an abnormal alignment of the upper and lower teeth. When the teeth are abnormally aligned, dental problems, such as difficulty with biting or chewing, can occur. Malocclusion can also make the face look unnatural, cause a person to breathe through the mouth, and create problems with speech. In severe cases, untreated malocclusion can lead to extreme stress on, and eventual damage to, the affected teeth. ...

Mouth Guards

Mouth guards are devices worn over the teeth to protect them from injury. Unlike dental splints, which are orthodontic devices used to treat conditions such as teeth-grinding (bruxism), snoring and sleep apnea, mouth guards are used primarily to protect the teeth (and dental/orthodontic appliances) during athletic or recreational activities. Mouth guards should be comfortable, durable and easy to clean, and allow the wearer to breathe and speak normally. ...

Wisdom Teeth Extraction

The wisdom teeth, also known as the third molars, develop during early adulthood, most often between the ages of 15 and 25. Most mouths are too small to support these additional molars, making an extraction procedure necessary. If not removed, the wisdom teeth may cause pain, infection and swelling of the face or gum line, as well as the development of cysts and tumors. ...

Dental Braces

Braces are a common type of orthodontic device used to straighten or align teeth for patients suffering from malocclusion or other bite abnormalities. These devices apply continuous pressure to the teeth over the entire length of treatment. As the teeth gradually move to the desired, correctly aligned position, the patients' smiles become increasingly attractive. ...

Bruxism

Bruxism is a disorder, usually manifesting itself at night, in which a person grinds, gnashes or clenches her or his teeth. Occasional grinding of teeth is not harmful, but when it occurs often, teeth can be damaged and other oral complications occur. People with bruxism are more likely to suffer from other sleep-related disorders, including snoring or sleep apnea. Sleep partners may notice bruxism in one another, and dentists can often diagnose it during routine examinations based on damage to teeth or crowns. ...

Conscious Sedation

Dental anxiety is a common phobia, which may affect individuals of any age. It manifests as fear of undergoing dental treatment or even visiting the dentist for a cleaning. Many people actually avoid going to the dentist because of this fear and as a result compromise their dental health. ...

Cosmetic Dentistry

Cosmetic dentistry involves maintaining and restoring optimal appearance of the mouth and smile, as well as the health of the teeth and gums. Various procedures and products are now available to assist in this endeavor and some dentists have special training in this important field.

Tooth Whitening

Tooth whitening is effective in correcting many tooth discolorations so that the patient's teeth appear a healthy natural color. Teeth stained or darkened by food, tobacco use, aging or injury can be restored to a pleasing shade of whiteness in only a few short visits, or even in a single visit, to a cosmetic dentist. While at-home methods of tooth whitening may also be used, they work more slowly and tend to be less efficient than professional work. ...

Dental Crowns and Bridges

Dental Crowns

Dental crowns are natural-looking, tooth-shaped caps used to cover a damaged or missing tooth in order to restore a full and beautiful smile. These caps are cemented into place to provide both strong and visibly appealing replacements for natural teeth. Crowns are usually necessary when the tooth is broken down to the point where a filling will not be effective. ...

Dental Anesthesia

Many people experience anxiety about visiting the dentist and undergoing dental work. At times, this can keep them from seeking proper dental care. Patients are now offered relief from these fears through a variety of options for anesthesia and treatment of dental discomfort. ...

Dental Bone Grafts

Bone grafting is a regenerative treatment option for patients who have lost quality and quantity of supporting bone tissue as a result of periodontal disease. This procedure is often needed before dental implants can be placed. It also helps protect the teeth from bacteria, trauma and further degeneration. ...

Surgical Dental Extractions

A dental extraction, also known as exodontia, is one of the most common procedures performed at a dentist's office. The procedure involves removing or pulling a tooth. A surgical extraction may be necessary on certain teeth.

Reasons for Surgical Extractions

Dental extractions may be performed to minimize overcrowding or in preparation for braces. An extraction may also be performed to remove the following types of teeth: ...

Endodontics

An endodontist treats problems of the dental pulp, the soft tissue within the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue which helps create the surrounding hard tissue that makes up the outside of the tooth. The pulp extends from the crown of the tooth to the tips of the roots and into the surrounding tissue. Dental pulp is vital to the growth and development of healthy teeth, but is not necessarily needed once the tooth has fully matured. ...

Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is caused by a build-up of plaque and bacteria between the teeth and gums. When left untreated, the gums become infected and if gum disease progresses, it becomes increasingly difficult and painful to treat. Progressed cases of gum disease can also lead to tooth loss. ...

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous oxide is a type of anesthesia available for patients who are anxious about undergoing dental treatment. Also known as laughing gas, nitrous oxide helps patients to relax, yet remain awake during treatment. Nitrous oxide is often used on children who are mildly or moderately anxious about dental visits. ...

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is the treatment of problems affecting the mouth, teeth, gums, jaws and related facial structures. Procedures are often performed on patients with skeletal and dental irregularities that occur as a result of congenital defects, injury, disease or other factors. Maxillofacial surgery is also performed to treat patients with oral cancer and jaw cysts. ...

Oral Biopsies

When a growth or sore of questionable nature is detected in the mouth, a biopsy is often required. A biopsy is a diagnostic test involving the removal of a tissue sample for examination under a microscope to ascertain whether a malignancy or other disease process is present.

Reasons for Oral Biopsies

There are some oral lesions which can be precisely diagnosed through physical examination and patient history. When there is a question concerning the origin of an abnormal lesion, however, an oral biopsy may be required. ...

Oral Pathology

Oral pathology is a specialty of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, including oral cancer. Oral pathologists are involved in the research, diagnosis, examination and treatment of oral disease.

Role of the Oral Pathologist

Oral pathologists check for and diagnose both malignant and benign oral conditions. Oral pathologists deal with conditions that include: ...

Partial Dentures

Partial dentures are prosthetic devices used to replace one or more missing or diseased teeth; restore the appearance and function of the teeth; or reduce the risk of gum disease. This type of replacement is often used when one or more healthy natural teeth remain in the area to support the denture. Patients are able to eat, speak and smile without difficulty once partial dentures are in place. ...

Preventive Dentistry

Preventive dentistry helps avoid the costly and invasive procedures often needed to treat serious dental conditions. Maintaining dental health helps people look and feel their best, and can have a positive effect on their overall health. Preventing dental problems requires a lifelong commitment. To begin developing proper dental-hygiene habits, a child should visit a dentist shortly after the first teeth emerge. ...

Prosthodontic Dentistry

Prosthodontic dentistry is a specialty of dentistry that focuses on restoring or replacing injured, damaged or missing teeth to maintain dental health, function and aesthetics.

Complete or partial removal of teeth may be necessary when they have sustained significant damage, which may have been caused by: ...

Removable Dental Prosthetics

Patients undergoing restorative dental procedures may require prostheses, of which there are several different types. Prosthetic structures, such as dentures or bridges, can be either permanent or removable depending on the patient's preference. Although there are advantages and disadvantages to both, many patients like the convenience and flexibility of removable prostheses. ...

Dental Bridges FAQs

As people age, their teeth tend to decay and weaken at an increasing pace. Fortunately, there are options for replacing lost teeth through reconstructive or restorative dentistry.

What is a dental bridge?

Dental bridges are natural-looking tooth replacements that help to maintain facial structure, reduce stress on the jaw and fill in the gaps caused by missing teeth. Dental bridges replace missing teeth with a short row of prosthetics that rely on the strength of surrounding natural teeth, called abutment teeth, to help stabilize the bite. Bridges also help keep adjacent teeth from moving into the open space left by the missing tooth. ...

Scaling and Root Planing

Scaling and root planing is a treatment usually performed during the early stages of periodontal disease to help remove plaque and tartar that has built up beneath the gum line. This procedure is considered a deep cleaning, and may be performed to prevent the disease from progressing to a more advanced stage, or to improve the quality of a patient's tissue before surgery. ...

Sleep Apnea

People with sleep apnea stop breathing while they sleep, sometimes hundreds of times per night, and sometimes for a minute or longer. With normal breathing, air passes through the nose and past the flexible structures, such as the soft palate, uvula and tongue, in the back of the throat. When awake, the muscles hold this airway open. When asleep, these muscles relax, but the airway should remain open. In those who suffer from sleep apnea, the upper airway is blocked, causing oxygen levels to drop in both the brain and the blood. ...

Teeth Whitening

Teeth whitening or bleaching products brighten teeth that have been stained or darkened by food, tobacco use, age or injury. There are a variety of in-office and take-home teeth whitening products to reduce or eliminate such stains.

In-Office Teeth Whitening

In-office teeth whitening, also called chairside bleaching, takes place during a series of appointments at a dentist's office. Advantages of in-office teeth whitening over take-home whitening include: ...

Teething

Teething is a milestone in a child's development, but a troubling time for both babies and parents. As the first teeth emerge, babies may experience pain and swelling of the gums. The first set of teeth, the central incisors, either upper or lower, usually appear between the ages of 4 and 7 months. The teething process can last until the child reaches 3 years of age. ...

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to a group of related disorders that result from problems with the jaw or jaw joint, or the facial muscles involved in jaw movement. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the small joint located in front of the ear where the skull and lower jaw meet; it enables the jaw to move and function normally, and is one of the body's most frequently used joints. Talking, yawning, chewing and swallowing all involve the TMJ. For the TMJ to function properly, the muscles, ligaments and bones involved in its movement must be working properly; any conditions that prevent them from doing so may cause TMD. ...

Dental Splints

A dental splint is an orthodontic device that is used to stabilize loose teeth, protect teeth from damage, and relieve the pain and discomfort caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In many cases, these conditions are related, because patients who grind their teeth (a condition known as bruxism) or clench their jaws often experience TMD. Splints are also sometimes used to treat patients with sleep apnea or snoring problems. Because bruxism, jaw clenching, sleep apnea and snoring typically occur at night, that is when dental splints are usually worn. ...

Tooth-Colored Fillings

In the past, dental cavities were filled with a mixture of metal alloys, also known as amalgam. Today, tooth-colored or composite fillings are a mixture of resin, glass or quartz and porcelain ceramics. These materials are resilient and long lasting. These fillings are colored to match the patient's teeth and are practically invisible to the untrained eye. For aesthetic and/or medical purposes, these tooth-colored fillings can be used to replace old and worn dental amalgam, gold or other metal fillings. ...

Veneers

Veneers are very thin, tooth-colored shells of ceramic that are custom-fit and bonded to the front of the teeth. They can create a white, even, and attractive smile. Veneers make it possible to correct a variety of problems, including:

• Spaces between the teeth
• Chipped teeth
• Yellowing or stains
• Misshapen or crooked teeth
• Small holes or pits in teeth
• Uneven or undersized teeth

A veneer placed on top of a tooth can quickly and easily help achieve a beautiful smile. Although some veneers are designed to be removable, most are permanent and are bonded very tightly to the tooth they are protecting. The advancements in technology have improved bonding agents to the point where some types of veneers may last for 20 years or more. ...

Wisdom Teeth Extraction FAQs

What are wisdom teeth?

The wisdom teeth, also known as the third molars, develop during early adulthood, most often between the ages of 15 and 25. Most mouths are too small to support these additional molars, making an extraction procedure necessary. If not removed, the wisdom teeth may cause pain, infection and swelling of the face or gum line, as well as the development of cysts and tumors. ...

Zirconium Dental Implants

A recent dental restoration technique is the use of zirconium as an implant material. This is a completely metal-free substance which offers patients a number of advantages. Cosmetically, zirconium implants are very attractive because of their white color and natural appearance. While titanium implants have a metal base that gives them an opaque look that is often dark near the gum line, zirconium features a tooth-like translucency on a base colored to match the shade of the teeth. ...